Cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



July l5, l1930. l. F ARTER E r AL 1,770,732-

CYLINDER HEAD Non INTERNAL coMBusTQN ENGINES Filed may 15. 1929 Fgl.

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mvu Tom Ano/wey Patented July 15, 1930 furr sara FRANK CARTER ani) nvnnsisinn Galerien, kor sraiirronD, ENGLAND cian-THIRD ro Girone-E i/rILLs nraoirsroitn. or sriiiuronn,

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isere-irons VKor EINGIMND i i CYLINDER i-rnaD non ritrnnnaL-.ooiviBUsrioi-i riverains appneauon flied May ia, ieee, seriai no. seaesaana' in Great einem` october as, laas.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the compression ignition type i. e. in which solid fuel Without any adminture of air injected into the compressed air U charge and lired by theheat of compression. The invention has for its object Vthe pro? vision of means for retaining or avoiding eX- cessive loss of the heat of compression and /or explosion, and further provides'ameans for lo constructing a chamber oip'reiferred torni in which all the limiting' surfaces are readily machineable This is especially necessary in thesmaller sizes in order to maintain thedetermined volume.V Y

.It is Aa further object to provide in the cylinder head a separately formed roof-plate agreeing with the cylinder root but not homogeneous therewith so as to serve as a heat retaining means as Well as a means for enabling an accurate machining operation-to be performed to determine the limiting shape of the roof surface.

The invention `is primarily intended for use with engines of the kind in which the cylinder aroper is surmounted by a combustion chamber or head the cross sectional area of which is less than that oiE the cylinder,

into which chamber ay projection or spigot on the piston is adapted to enter when the piston is in its upper position, but it is not eXclusively limited to this hind.

ln our English speciiication No. 249,586,

We have described an engine in which the combustion chamber 4or head is ot rectangular cross section, the solid fuel being normally injected in the said chamber, and in one modification We have described the said chamber as being provided with a bottom Web having a central circular hole into which a projection 40 or spigot on the piston is adapted to enter when the piston is in itsupper position, the

corners of the web between the said hole and the Walls ot the rectangular chamber being ported for the production ot' air currents with which to add to the turbulencewvithin the rectangular chamber. v j

ln this construction, the web which forms the central hole and carriesthe four ports is cast solid with the chamber itself` and thus U0 is in more or less direct contact Withthe coolingWa-ter, thus extracting heat'froin the air as it passes through during the final stages of compression; Whereas in the present invention We' provide a separately-formed ported plate which not being integral With the cast- 55 ing, instead .of acting as a cooler Will rather tend to heat the new charge with heat retained-fronith'e previous ,combustion y According to the present invention, We provide in an engine of thecompression-ignition l type a 'plate preferably of heat-'resisting nia- Vterial to form the effective roof of the cylof air currentsexternally oin said hole, but

Within thefour corners of the rectangular chamber. We do not confine ourselves to the arrangement of Vtour holesto give turbulence as these maybe varied in numberand-alternatively We may omit these hole'sandleave sutticient clearance between the spigotand central'hole in the roof plate for the purpose. 80 It is to-*be understood VthatV by the term V4"heat resisting material, ,We mean for eX- ample, a steel not subject to excessive erosion or deterioration under the temperature Vproduced. En the preferred form,the plate is conical to agree with a conically shaped cylinder roof and piston top, and has a central squared upper shoulder to `seat in similarlyshaped recesses in the chamber castings'and being large enough in its major diameter to rest on the cylinder Wall to retain it in position. f' l One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which, v

Fig. l illustrates a vertical section, and

Fig. 2 a, horizontal section otapart. Turning now to the form illustrated, the 4 cylinder properl is surinounted by a com- Y bustion chamber 2 which, in the form shown,`r Y is of rectangular cross-section, the inlet and 100 outlet valve ports being arranged in its opposite Walls. rlhe piston 3 carries a circular project-ion or spigot e'- Which is adapted to penetrate into the bottom of the chamber 2.

According to the invention, t e roof of the cylinder l is provided With a roof plate 5 having the form of a truncated cone, and provided with a central boss or flange 6 having a circular bore 7 adapted to receive the spigot 4.'

Nithin the overhang of the flange 6 which remains Within the area` included by the Walls of the chamber 2, the root plate is provided With holes 8 for the passage of turbulent currents or air from the cylinder into the chamber 2 as the piston rises to its upper position. rlhe root plate 5 is formed of heat-resisting material as set orth, and remains substantially hotter during the operation of the engine than the normal rooic of a cylinder Which is comprised by a `face of a casting serving to house part of the cooling Water.

ln the torni shown, the upper casting 9 of the cylinder head is recessed at 10 to receive the roof-plate which rests on the edge of the lower casting ll comprising the cylinder Wall, the root-plate being further held from movement by a grub screw l2.

The construction described oers further advantages with regard to small siZeso engine in that the chamber Walls and the rootplate can be carefully and accurately machined so as to tinally determine the designed volume of the compression space.

The solid fuel is injected from the nozzle 13 into the chamber 2 in known manner.

lVe claim j 1. In an internal combustion engine of the compression ignition type, a cylinder, a combustion chamber rectangular in plan in the root of said cylinder, an air inlet valve opening into said combustion chamber, an e2;-

haust valve opening into said combustion chamber', the rootl of said cylinder being faced with a separately-formed root-plate agreeing With the shape of said cylinder roof and having a central circular bore beneath said chamber, the overhang otk said plate betvv-een said central bore and the Walls of said chamber being holed for the passage of 'turbulent currents therethrough.

2. A roof-plate for the cylinder of an internal combustion engine comprising an independent heat-resisting plate of truncated conical section, having a central bore, and holes through said plate externally of said bore, means being provided for retaining said plate in the roof of a cylinder.

3. ln an internal combustion engine, a piston having a circular projection, a cylinder Wall, a casting providing a cylinder roof, said roof being surmounted by a combustion chamber,`an air inlet yvalve opening into said combustion chamber, an air exhaust valve opening into said combustion chamber, the surface defining the roof extending outwardly of the cylinder Wall, and a roof-plate agreeing and contacting with the shape of said roof resting on the top of said cylinder Wall and terminating belovv said combustion chamber, the apex of said roof plate having a bore positioned below said combustion chamber to receive said projection, and leaving apertures for passage of air from under said roof-plate into said combustion chamber.

et. A root-plate for an internal combustion engine comprising a plate of truncated conical section having outer and inner conical walls and an upper central bore, the central bore being surrounded by an upper collar and having further apertures leading Jfrom the internal conical Wall to the upper surface of the collar.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the compression ignition type, a cylinder, a piston having a projection, a combustion chamber rectangular in plan in the roof of said cylinder, an air inlet valve opening into said combustion chamber, an air exhaust valve opening into said combustion chamber, the roof of said cylinder being faced with a separately formed root-plate agreeing with the shape of said cylinder roof and having a central circular borebeneath said combustion chamber, adapted to receive the projection on the piston, the overhang of said plate, between said central bore and the Walls of said chamber, being holed for the passage of turbulent currents therethrough.

ln testimony whereof ive atlix our signatures.

FRANK CARTE-R. ,EVERSHED CARTER. 

